5 questions about colon cancer

Early screening can lead to early detection

Colon cancer is on of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the United States. If you haven't talked to your doctor yet about colon cancer, make a plan to discuss it during your next appointment. Here are 5 questions you can use to start the conversation:

What is colon cancer?

Colon cancer, also called colorectal cancer, starts in the colon or rectum. Most colon cancers start with a polyp.

What is a polyp?

A polyp is a fleshy growth of tissue. Polyps are found in many different parts of the body, including the colon. Most polyps are harmless, but some can turn into cancer.

What are the symptoms of colon cancer?

In many cases, colon cancer may not have any symptoms. It is often found by using a screening test. But you should tell your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Changes in your bowel patterns. These can include diarrhea, constipation, or a narrowing of the stool (feces) for more than a few days.

• Bleeding from your rectum or blood in your stool.

• Feeling that your bowel does not empty completely.

• Cramping, frequent gas, bloating, a feeling of fullness, or vomiting.

• Weight loss when you are not trying to lose weight.

Having these symptoms does not mean that you definitely have cancer. Many of these symptoms can be caused by other problems. You may need tests to know for sure what is causing your symptoms.

Should I be screened for colon cancer?

Most adults aged 45 through 75 years who are at average risk should be screened for colon cancer. Adults at very high risk may begin screening at an earlier age. Several effective screening tests are available. Ask your doctor when you should start screening and which test is right for you. People between the ages of 76-85 should talk to their doctor to see if screening is still needed.

How can I prevent colon cancer?

Get screened

Getting screened is one of the best ways to prevent colorectal cancer. Screening can find early cancers that can be treated. Screening also finds polyps that can be removed before they turn into cancer.

Eat a healthy diet

Limit the amount of red meat and processed meats (such as cold cuts) you eat. Diets high in fat can increase your risk of colorectal cancer. To lower your risk, eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (often found in bread and cereal).

Exercise

Increase your physical activity. Try to get at least 150 minutes of moderately intensive aerobic activity each week.

Manage your weight

Being overweight can increase your risk of colon cancer.

Stop smoking

If you quit smoking, it can decrease your risk of colorectal cancer and other diseases too.

Limit alcohol use

Heavy alcohol drinking can increase your risk. Men should have no more than 2 drinks a day. Women should have no more than 1 drink a day.

You can learn more about each of these steps on VA's Healthy Living website. You'll also find VA resources to help you get started. 

Visit VA's Healthy Living website

Learn about other recommended screenings

You can learn more about other recommended screenings and immunizations on VA's National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention website. Use these recommendations to start a conversation with your health care team. They can assess your risk levels and help you decide when is the right time to be screened for colon cancer and other health concerns. 

Get Recommended Screening Tests and Immunizations for Men

Get Recommended Screening Tests and Immunizations for Women

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